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es:Editing wp-config.php

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WARNING: Antes de Editar esta pagina.

Por favor, no edites esta pagina con la configuración de tu servidor le estas dando acceso a todo el mundo a la contraseña de MySQL de tu sitio web, y esto no hará que tu instalación funcione. Gracias.

Como parte de la instalación de wordpress, debes de editar el archivo wp-config.php para definir la configuración necesaria para acceder a tu base de datos de MySQL.

El archivo, wp-config.php, no existe en cuando descargas una copia de wordpress; debes de crearlo. el archivo wp-config-sample.php es un ejemplo de como debería de lucir este archivo de configuración. Preferencias avanzadas y ejemplos son provistas mas abajo.

Para cambiar el archivo wp-config.php para tu instalación, tu necesitas esta información.

Database Name
Nombre de la base de datos usado para WordPress
Database Username 
Nombre de usuario para acceder a base de datos
Database Password 
Contraseña usada por el nombre de usuario para acceder a la base de datos.
Database Host 
El hostname del servidor de la base de datos.

Si tu provedor de hosting instala wordpress por tí, usa la información de ellos. Si manejas tu propio Servidor Web o cuenta de hosting, necesitarás tener esta información como resultado de crear un usuario y la base de datos.


Configuración de la Base de Datos

Importante: Nunca uses un procesador de palabras como Microsoft Word para editar los archivos de wordpress!

Encuentra el archivo wp-config-sample.php en el directorio base de tu WordPress ábrelo con un Editor de Textos .

NOTE: Desde Version 2.6, wp-config.php puede moverse directamente a la carpeta de WordPress.

Default wp-config-sample.php

This is an example of a default wp-config-sample.php, you will need to replace the default values in your copy of this file with your own specific database settings.

// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'database_name_here' );

/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'username_here' );

/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'password_here' );

/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' ); 
NOTE: Text inside /* */ are comments, for information purposes only.
NOTE: Do not change these details here by editing this page, change them on your web server.


Set Database Name

Replace putyourdbnamehere, with the name of your database, e.g. MyDatabaseName.

define( 'DB_NAME', 'MyDatabaseName' ); // Example MySQL database name

Set Database User

Replace usernamehere, with the name of your username e.g. MyUserName.

define( 'DB_USER', 'MyUserName' ); // Example MySQL username

Set Database Password

Replace yourpasswordhere, with the your password, e.g. MyPassWord.

define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'MyPassWord' ); // Example MySQL password

Set Database Host

Replace localhost, with the name of your database host, e.g. MyDatabaseHost.

define( 'DB_HOST', 'MyDatabaseHost' ); // Example MySQL Database host


NOTE: There is a 99% chance you will NOT have to change it. If you are unsure, try installing with the default value of 'localhost' and see if it works. If the install fails, contact your web hosting provider.

Possible DB_HOST values

Different hosting companies use different network settings for their mysql database's. If your hosting company is listed below in the left column, the value on the right is similar to the correct value for DB_HOST. Contact your tech support and/or search your hosting companies online Documentation to be sure.

Hosting Company DB_HOST Value Guess
1and1 db12345678
AN Hosting localhost
BlueHost localhost
DreamHost mysql.example.com
GoDaddy h41mysql52.secureserver.net
HostGator localhost
HostICan localhost
ICDSoft localhost:/tmp/mysql5.sock
LaughingSquid localhost
MediaTemple GridServer internal-db.s44441.gridserver.com
one.com localhost
pair Networks dbnnnx.pair.com
Yahoo mysql
Hosts with cPanel localhost
Hosts with Plesk localhost
Hosts with DirectAdmin localhost



MySQL Alternate Port

If your host uses an alternate port number for your database you'll need to change the DB_HOST value in the wp-config.php file to reflect the alternate port provided by your host.

For localhost

 define('DB_HOST', 'localhost:3307');

Other

define('DB_HOST', 'mysql.example.com:4454');

Database character set

As of WordPress Version 2.2, DB_CHARSET was made available to allow designation of the database character set (e.g. tis620 for TIS620 Thai) to be used when defining the MySQL database tables.

The default value of utf8 (Unicode UTF-8) is almost always the best option. UTF-8 supports any language, so you typically want to leave DB_CHARSET at utf8 and use the DB_COLLATE value for your language instead.

This example shows utf8 which is considered the WordPress default value:

define('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8');
WARNING: Those performing new installations

There usuallly should be no reason to change the default value of DB_CHARSET. If your blog needs a different character set, please read Character Sets and Collations MySQL Supports for valid DB_CHARSET values.

WARNING: Those performing upgrades (especially blogs that existed before 2.2)

If DB_CHARSET and DB_COLLATE do not exist in your wp-config.php file, DO NOT add either definition to your wp-config.php file unless you read and understand Converting Database Character Sets. Adding DB_CHARSET and DB_COLLATE to the wp-config.php file, for an existing blog, can cause major problems.

Database collation

As of WordPress Version 2.2, DB_COLLATE was made available to allow designation of the database collation (i.e. the sort order of the character set). In most cases, this value should be left blank (null) so the database collation will be automatically assigned by MySQL based on the database character set specified by DB_CHARSET. Set DB_COLLATE to one of the UTF-8 values defined in UTF-8 character sets for most Western European languages.

The WordPress default DB_COLLATE value:

define('DB_COLLATE', ); 

UTF-8 Unicode General collation

define('DB_COLLATE', 'utf8_general_ci');

UTF-8 Unicode Turkish collation

define('DB_COLLATE', 'utf8_turkish_ci');
WARNING: Those performing new installations

There usually should be no reason to change the default value of DB_COLLATE. Leaving the value blank (null) will insure the collation is automatically assigned by MySQL when the database tables are created.

WARNING: Those performing upgrades (especially blogs that existed before 2.2)

If DB_COLLATE and DB_CHARSET do not exist in your wp-config.php file, DO NOT add either definition to your wp-config.php file unless you read and understand Converting Database Character Sets. And you may be in need of a WordPress upgrade.


Security Keys

Beginning with Version 2.6, three (3) security keys, AUTH_KEY, SECURE_AUTH_KEY, and LOGGED_IN_KEY, were added to insure better encryption of information stored in the user's cookies. Beginning with Version 2.7 a fourth key, NONCE_KEY, was added to this group.

You don't have to remember the keys, just make them long and complicated or better yet, use the the online generator. You can change these at any point in time to invalidate all existing cookies this does mean that all users will have to login again.

Example:

define('AUTH_KEY', ':dr+%/5V4sAUG-gg%aS*v;&xGhd%{YKC^Z7KKGh j>k[.Nf$y7iGKdJ3c*[Kr5Bg');
define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'TufWOuA _.t>#+hA?^|3RfGTm>@*+S=8\"\'+\"}]<m#+}V)p:Qi?jXLq,<h\\`39m_(');
define('LOGGED_IN_KEY', 'S~AACm4h1;T^\"qW3_8Zv!Ji=y|)~5i63JI |Al[(<YS<2V^$T])=8Xh2a:b:}U_E');
define('NONCE_KEY', 'k1+EOc-&w?hG8j84>6L9v\"6C89NH?ui{*3\\(t09mumL/fFP_!K$JCEkLuy ={x{0');


A secret key is a hashing salt which makes your site harder to hack and access harder to crack by adding random elements to the password.

In simple terms, a secret key is a password with elements that make it harder to generate enough options to break through your security barriers. A password like "password" or "test" is simple and easily broken. A random, unpredictable password such as "88a7da62429ba6ad3cb3c76a09641fc" takes years to come up with the right combination.

For more information on the technical background and breakdown of secret keys and secure passwords, see:

Advanced Options

The following sections may contain advanced / unsupported information, so please make sure you practice regular backups and know how to restore them before experimenting on a production installation.


table_prefix

The $table_prefix is the value placed in the front of your database tables. Change the value if you want to use something other than wp_ for your database prefix. Typically this is changed if you are installing multiple WordPress blogs in the same database, and also for enhanced security.

Its a safe and good idea to change this value pre-installation to add more security to your WordPress blog. Exploits attempted against your WordPress blog by malicious crackers often are built with the premise that your blog uses the prefix wp_, by changing the value you mitigate some attack vectors.

// You can have multiple installations in one database if you give each a unique prefix
$table_prefix  = 'r235_';   // Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!

A second blog installation using the same database can be achieved simply by using a different prefix than your other installations.

$table_prefix  = 'y77_';   // Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!


WordPress address (URL)

WP_SITEURL, defined since WordPress Version 2.2, allows the WordPress address (URL) to be defined. The valued defined is the address where your WordPress core files reside. It should include the http:// part too. Do not put a slash "/" at the end. Setting this value in wp-config.php overrides the wp_options table value for siteurl and disables the WordPress address (URL) field in the Administration > Settings > General panel.

NOTE: It won't change the Database value though, and the url will revert to the old database value if this line is removed from wp-config.

If WordPress is installed into a directory called "wordpress" for the domain example.com, define WP_SITEURL like this:

define('WP_SITEURL', 'http://example.com/wordpress');

Dynamically set WP_SITEURL based on $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']

define('WP_SITEURL', 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/path/to/wordpressp');


Blog address (URL)

WP_HOME is another wp-config.php option added in WordPress Version 2.2. Similar to WP_SITEURL, WP_HOME overrides the wp_options table value for home but does not change it permanently. home is the address you want people to type in their browser to reach your WordPress blog. It should include the http:// part. Also, do not put a slash "/" at the end.

define('WP_HOME', 'http://example.com/wordpress'); 

If you are using the technique described in Giving WordPress Its Own Directory then follow the example below. Remember, you will also be placing an index.php in your web-root directory if you use a setting like this.

define('WP_HOME', 'http://example.com');

Dynamically set WP_HOME based on $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']

define('WP_HOME',    'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/path/to/wordpress');


Moving wp-content

Since Version 2.6, you can move the wp-content directory, which holds your themes, plugins, and uploads, outside of the WordPress application directory.

Set WP_CONTENT_DIR to the full local path of this directory (no trailing slash), e.g.

define( 'WP_CONTENT_DIR', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/blog/wp-content' );

Set WP_CONTENT_URL to the full URI of this directory (no trailing slash), e.g.

define( 'WP_CONTENT_URL', 'http://example/blog/wp-content');

Optional
Set WP_PLUGIN_DIR to the full local path of this directory (no trailing slash), e.g.

define( 'WP_PLUGIN_DIR', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/blog/wp-content/plugins' );

Set WP_PLUGIN_URL to the full URI of this directory (no trailing slash), e.g.

define( 'WP_PLUGIN_URL', 'http://example/blog/wp-content/plugins');

If you have compability issues with plugins Set PLUGINDIR to the full local path of this directory (no trailing slash), e.g.

define( 'PLUGINDIR', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/blog/wp-content/plugins' );


Modify AutoSave Interval

When editing a post, WordPress uses Ajax to auto-save revisions to the post as you edit. You may want to increase this setting for longer delays in between auto-saves, or decrease the setting to make sure you never lose changes. The default is 60 seconds.

define('AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL', 160 );  // seconds


Post Revisions

WordPress, by default, will save copies of each edit made to a post or page, allowing the possibility of reverting to a previous version of that post or page. The saving of revisions can be disabled, or a maximum number of revisions per post or page can be specified.


Disable Post Revisions

If you do not set this value, WordPress defaults WP_POST_REVISIONS to true (enable post revisions). If you want to disable the awesome revisions feature, use this setting:

define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', false );


Specify the Number of Post Revisions

If you want to specify a maximum number of revisions, change false to an integer/number (e.g., 3 or 5).

define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', 3);


Set Cookie Domain

The domain set in the cookies for WordPress can be specified for those with unusual domain setups. One reason is if subdomains are used to serve static content. To prevent WordPress cookies from being sent with each request to static content on your subdomain you can set the cookie domain to your non-static domain only.

define('COOKIE_DOMAIN', 'www.askapache.com');


Debug

The WP_DEBUG option, added in WordPress Version 2.3.1, controls the display of some errors and warnings. If this setting is absent from wp-config.php, then the value is assumed to be false.

NOTE: The true and false values in the example are not set in apostrophes (') because they are boolean values.
define('WP_DEBUG', true);
define('WP_DEBUG', false);


In Wordpress versions since 2.3.2, database errors are printed only if WP_DEBUG is set to true. In earlier versions, database errors were always printed. (Database errors are handled by the wpdb class and are not affected by PHP's error settings.)

In WordPress version 2.5, setting WP_DEBUG to true also raises the error reporting level to E_ALL and activates warnings when deprecated functions or files are used; otherwise, WordPress sets the error reporting level to E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE ^ E_USER_NOTICE.


Configure Error Log

Because wp-config.php is loaded for every page view not loaded from a cache file, it is an excellent location to set php ini settings that control your php installation. This is useful if you don't have access to a php.ini file, or if you just want to change some settings on the fly.

Here is an example that turns php error_logging on and logs them to a specific file. If WP_DEBUG is defined to true, the errors will also be saved to this file. Just place this above any require_once or include commands.

@ini_set('log_errors','On');
@ini_set('display_errors','Off');
@ini_set('error_log','/home/example.com/logs/php_error.log');
/* That's all, stop editing! Happy blogging. */


Increasing memory allocated to PHP

Also released with Version 2.5, the WP_MEMORY_LIMIT option allows you to specify the maximum amount of memory that can be consumed by PHP. This setting may be necessary in the event you receive a message such as "Allowed memory size of xxxxxx bytes exhausted".

This setting increases PHP Memory only for WordPress, not other applications. By default, WordPress will attempt to increase memory allocated to PHP to 32MB (code is at beginning of wp-settings.php), so the setting in wp-config.php should reflect something higher than 32MB.

Please note, this setting may not work if your host does not allow for increasing the PHP memory limit--in that event, contact your host to increase the PHP memory limit. Also, note that many hosts set the PHP limit at 8MB.

Increase PHP Memory to 64MB

define('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '64M');

Increase PHP Memory to 96MB

define('WP_MEMORY_LIMIT', '96M');


Cache

The WP_CACHE setting, if true, includes the wp-content/advanced-cache.php script, when executing wp-settings.php.

define('WP_CACHE', true);


Custom User and Usermeta Tables

CUSTOM_USER_TABLE and CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE are used to designated that the user and usermeta tables normally utilized by WordPress are not used, instead these values/tables are used to store your user information.

define('CUSTOM_USER_TABLE', $table_prefix.'my_users');
define('CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE', $table_prefix.'my_usermeta');


Language and Language Directory

WPLANG defines the name of the language translation (.mo) file. LANGDIR defines what directory the WPLANG .mo file resides. If LANGDIR is not defined WordPress looks first to wp-content/languages and then wp-includes/languages for the .mo defined by WPLANG file.

define('WPLANG', 'de_DE');
define('LANGDIR', 'mylanguagedirectory');


Save queries for analysis

The SAVEQUERIES definition saves the database queries to a array and that array can be displayed to help analyze those queries. The information saves each query, what function called it, and how long that query took to execute.

First, put this in wp-config.php:

define('SAVEQUERIES', true);

Then in the footer of your theme put this:

<?php
if (current_user_can('switch_themes')){
    global $wpdb;
    echo "<pre>";
    print_r($wpdb->queries);
    echo "</pre>";
}
?>

The code above uses the switch_themes capability so only visitors with that capability will see the query results.


Override of default file permissions

The FS_CHMOD_DIR and FS_CHMOD_FILE define statements allow override of default file permissions. These two variables were developed in response to the problem of the core update function failing with hosts (e.g. some Italian hosts) running under suexec. If a host uses restrictive file permissions (e.g. 400) for all user files, and refuses to access files which have group or world permissions set, these definitions could solve the problem. Note that the '0755' is an octal value and is not delineated with single quotes ('). See Also: Changing File Permissions

define('FS_CHMOD_FILE',0755);
define('FS_CHMOD_DIR',0755);


FTP/SSH Constants

To enable SSH2 as an upgrade option you will need to install the pecl SSH2 extension. To install this library you will need to issue a command similar to the following or talk to your web hosting provider to get this installed:

pecl install ssh2

After installing the pecl ssh2 extension you will need to modify your php configuration to automatically load this extension.

These methods for the WordPress core, plugin, and theme upgrades try to determine the WordPress path, as reported by PHP, but symlink trickery can sometimes 'muck this up' so if you know the paths to the various folders on the server, as seen via your FTP user, you can manually define them in the wp-config.php file.

The following are valid constants for FTP/SSH updates:

  • FS_METHOD forces the filesystem method. It should only be "direct", "ssh", "ftpext", or "ftpsockets".
  • FTP_BASE is the full path to the "base" folder of the WordPress installation.
  • FTP_CONTENT_DIR is the full path to the wp-content folder of the WordPress installation.
  • FTP_PLUGIN_DIR is the full path to the plugins folder of the WordPress installation.
  • FTP_PUBKEY is the full path to your SSH public key.
  • FTP_PRIKEY is the full path to your SSH private key.
  • FTP_USER is either user FTP or SSH username. Most likely these are the same, but use the appropriate one for the type of update you wish to do.
  • FTP_PASS is the password for the username entered for FTP_USER. If you are using SSH public key authentication this can be omitted.
  • FTP_HOST is the hostname:port combination for your SSH/FTP server. The standard FTP port is 21 and the standard SSH port is 22.
define('FS_METHOD', 'ftpext');
define('FTP_BASE', '/path/to/wordpress/');
define('FTP_CONTENT_DIR', '/path/to/wordpress/wp-content/');
define('FTP_PLUGIN_DIR ', '/path/to/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/');
define('FTP_PUBKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub');
define('FTP_PRIKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa');
define('FTP_USER', 'username');
define('FTP_PASS', 'password');
define('FTP_HOST', 'ftp.example.org:21');

It is recommended to use a private key that is not pass phrase protected. There have been numerous reports that pass phrase protected private keys do not work properly. If you decide to try a pass phrase protected private key you will need to enter the pass phrase for the private key as FTP_PASS.


Additional Defined Constants

Here are additional constants that can be defined, but probably shouldn't be. The Cookie definitions are particularly useful if you have an unusual domain setup.

  define('COOKIEPATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', get_option('home') . '/' ) );
  define('SITECOOKIEPATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', get_option('siteurl') . '/' ) );
  define( 'ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH', SITECOOKIEPATH . 'wp-admin' );
  define( 'PLUGINS_COOKIE_PATH', preg_replace('|https?://[^/]+|i', '', WP_PLUGIN_URL)  );
  define('TEMPLATEPATH', get_template_directory());
  define('STYLESHEETPATH', get_stylesheet_directory());
  define('DISABLE_WP_CRON', true);

View All Defined Constants

Php has a function that returns an array of all the currently defined constants with their values.

 print_r(@get_defined_constants());

Double Check Before Saving

Be sure to check for leading and/or trailing spaces around any of the above values you entered, and DON'T delete the single quotes!

Before you save the file, be sure to double-check that you have not accidentally deleted any of the single quotes around the parameter values. Be sure there is nothing after the closing PHP tag in the file. The last thing in the file should be ?> and nothing else. No spaces.

To save the file, choose File > Save As > wp-config.php and save the file in the root of your WordPress install. Upload the file to your web server and you're ready to install WordPress!


See Also