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es:Instalando Wordpress

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WordPress es muy conocido por la facilidad de instalación. Bajo la mayoría de las circunstancias, instalar Wordpress es un proceso muy simple y lleva menos de cinco minutos completarlo. La siguiente guía de instalación te ayudara sin importar si eliges la Famosa Instalación de 5 minutos o si necesitas la guía detallada de instalación.

Cosas a saber antes de comenzar

Antes de comenzar la instalación, hay varias cosas que necesitarás tener y hacer.

Necesitas acceder a tu servidor y sus directorios, además del software para proceder con la instalación. Esto es:

  • Acceso a tu servidor web (vía shell o FTP).
  • Un Editor de textos.
  • Un Cliente FTP o sistema de análoga eficacia, por ejemplo un Navegador de archivos con soporte FTP (Nautilus -Gnome/GNU Linux-, Navegador de archivos -Windows-, etc).
  • Tu navegador web preferido.

Cosas necesarias para la instalación

Necesitarás acceso a tu sitio, su directorio y sus programas para proceder con la instalación. Estos son:

Cosas para llevar a cabo la instalación

Comienza tu instalación así:

  1. Asegúrate que tu host cuenta con los requerimientos mínimos para ejecutar WordPress.
  2. Descarga la versión mas reciente de WordPress.
  3. Descomprime el archivo a un directorio en tu disco duro.
  4. Imprime esta página para tenerla como referencia durante la instalación.

La famosa «Instalación de 5 minutos»

Esta es la versión rápida de las instrucciones para aquellos más perezosos. Sigue leyendo para más detalles.

  1. Descarga y extrae el paquete de WordPress si aún no lo has hecho.
  2. Crea una base de datos para WordPress en tu servidor web, asi como un usuario de MySQL que tenga todos los privilegios para accesar y modificarla.
  3. Renombra el archivo wp-config-sample.php con el nombre wp-config.php.
  4. Abre wp-config.php en tu editor de texto y completa los datos para tu base de datos.
  5. Coloca los archivos de WordPress en la locacion deseada en tu servidor web:
    • Si quieres integrar WordPress en la raiz de tu dominio (ej. http://example.com/) mueve o sube los contenidos del directorio donde WordPress fue extraido en el directorio raiz de tu servidor web.
    • Si quieres que la instalacion tenga su propio subdirectorio en tu sitio web (ej. http://example.com/blog/) renombra el directorio wordpress al nombre que desees y muevelo o subelo a tu servidor web. Como ejemplo, si quieres tu instalacion en un subdirectorio llamado "blog" deberas renombrar el directorio "wordpress" a "blog" y subirlo al directorio raiz de tu servidor web.
  6. Ejecuta el script de instalacion de WordPress accesando wp-admin/install.php en tu navegador web preferido.
    • Si instalaste WordPress en el directorio raiz deberas ir a http://example.com/wp-admin/install.php.
    • Si instalaste WordPress en su propio subdirectorio llamado blog, deberias visitar http://example.com/blog/wp-admin/install.php

¡Eso fue todo! WordPress ya debe estar instalado.

Instrucciones detalladas

Paso 1: Descarga y extracción

Descarga y extrae el paquete de WordPress desde http://wordpress.org/download/.

  • Si vas a subir WordPress a un servidor remoto, descarga el paquete de WordPress a tu computadora con tu navegador web preferido y descomprime el paquete.
  • Si tienes acceso a shell en tu servidor y te sientes bien usando herramientas de consola, puedes descargar WordPress directamente a tu servidor web usando wget (o lynx, o algún otro navegador web de consola) si quieres evitar el uso de FTP:
    • wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
    • Descomprime el paquete con
      tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz

El paquete de WordPress sera extraído en un folder llamado wordpress en el mismo directorio en el que descargaste latest.tar.gz.

Paso 2: Crear la Base de Datos y un Usuario

Si estás usando un hosting provider, you may already have a WordPress database set up for you, or there may be an automated setup solution to do so. Check your hosting provider's support pages or your control panel for clues about whether or not you'll need to create one manually.

If you determine that you'll need to create one manually, follow the instructions for accessing phpMyAdmin on various servers, or follow the instructions for Using cPanel or Using phpMyAdmin below.

If you are installing WordPress on your own web server, follow the Using phpMyAdmin or Using the MySQL Client instructions below to create your WordPress username and database.

Using cPanel

Main article: Using cPanel

If your hosting provider uses cPanel, you may follow these instructions to create your WordPress username and database.

  1. Log in to your cPanel.
  2. Click MySQL Databases.
  3. If a user relating to WordPress does not already exist under the Users section, create one:
    1. Chose a username for WordPress ('wordpress' is good) and enter it in the UserName field.
    2. Choose a difficult-to-guess password (ideally containing a combination of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols), and enter it in the Password field.
    3. Write down the username and password you chose.
    4. Click Add User.
  4. If a database relating to WordPress does not already exist under the Databases section, create one:
    1. Choose a name for your WordPress database ('wordpress' or 'blog' are good), enter it in the Db field, and click Add Db.
  5. Under Databases, select your WordPress username from the User dropdown, then select your WordPress database from the Db dropdown. Make sure All is checked under Privileges, then click Add User to Db.
  6. When you return to the main MySQL Account Maintenance screen, cPanel will list information about the database you just created. You should see the username you just added to the database (with ALL PRIVILEGES), as well as a few sample Connection Strings for you to use in Perl or PHP scripts to connect to the database. The PHP code will have the following format: 
$dbh = mysql_connect("hostname", "username", "<PASSWORD HERE>") or die ("message");
mysql_select_db("databasename");
Write down the values of hostname, username, databasename, and the password you chose. (Note that hostname will usually be localhost.)

Using phpMyAdmin

If your web server has phpMyAdmin installed, you may follow these instructions to create your WordPress username and database.

Note: These instructions are written for phpMyAdmin 2.6.0; the phpMyAdmin user interface can vary slightly between versions.

  1. If a database relating to WordPress does not already exist in the Database dropdown on the left, create one:
    1. Choose a name for your WordPress database ('wordpress' or 'blog' are good), enter it in the Create new database field, and click Create.
  2. Click the Home icon in the upper left to return to the main page, then click Privileges. If a user relating to WordPress does not already exist in the list of users, create one:
    1. Click Add a new User.
    2. Chose a username for WordPress ('wordpress' is good) and enter it in the User name field. (Be sure Use text field: is selected from the dropdown.)
    3. Choose a difficult-to-guess password (ideally containing a combination of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols), and enter it in the Password field. (Be sure Use text field: is selected from the dropdown.) Re-enter the password in the Re-type field.
    4. Write down the username and password you chose.
    5. Leave all options under Global privileges at their defaults.
    6. Click Go.
  3. Return to the Privileges screen and click the Check privileges icon on the user you've just created for WordPress. In the Database-specific privileges section, select the database you've just created for WordPress under the Add privileges to the following database dropdown. The page will refresh with privileges for that database. Click Check All to select all privileges, and click Go.
  4. On the resulting page, make note of the host name listed after Server: at the top of the page. (This will usually be localhost.)

Using the MySQL Client

If you have shell access to your web server, are comfortable with using the command line, and your MySQL user has the permissions to create MySQL users and databases, you may follow the example session below to create your WordPress username and database. 

$ mysql -u adminusername -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5340 to server version: 3.23.54
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
 
mysql> CREATE DATABASE databasename;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON databasename.* TO "wordpressusername"@"hostname"
    -> IDENTIFIED BY "password";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> EXIT
Bye
$

In the above:

  • adminusername will typically be root, unless you have another high-privileged account set up.
  • wordpress or blog are good values for databasename.
  • wordpress is a good value for wordpressusername.
  • hostname will usually be localhost. If you don't know what this value should be, check with your system administrator. If you are the system administrator, figure out what this value should be.
  • password should be a difficult-to-guess password, ideally containing a combination of upper- and lower-case letters, numbers, and symbols.

Write down the values you used for databasename, wordpressusername, hostname, and password.

Using Plesk

See:

Paso 3: Setear el archivo de configuración wp-config.php

For the next part, the code you will be looking to change is as follows: 

// ** MySQL settings ** //
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');     // El nombre de la base de datos
define('DB_USER', 'username');     // Tu usuario de MySQL 
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'password'); // ...tu contraseña
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');     // 99%  de la veces no necesitas cambiar este valor
  1. Returning to where you extracted the WordPress package in Step 1, rename the file wp-config-sample.php to wp-config.php.
  2. Open the renamed wp-config.php file in your favorite text editor and fill in the following information, per the example above:
    DB_NAME 
    The name of the database you created for WordPress in Step 2 .
    DB_USER 
    The username you created for WordPress in Step 2.
    DB_PASSWORD 
    The password you chose for the WordPress username in Step 2.
    DB_HOST 
    The hostname you determined in Step 2 (usually localhost, but not always).
  3. Save the file.

For more extensive details, and step by step instruction for creating the configuration file, please refer to Editing wp-config.php.

Step 4: Place the files

Now you will need to decide where on your web site you'd like your blog to appear:

  • In the root directory of your web site. (For example, http://example.com/)
  • In a subdirectory of your web site. (For example, http://example.com/blog/)

Note: The location of your root web directory in the filesystem on your web server will vary across hosting providers and operating systems. Check with your hosting provider or system administrator if you do not know where this is.

In the Root Directory

  • If you need to upload your files to your web server, use your favorite FTP client to upload all the contents of the wordpress directory (but not the directory itself) into the root directory of your web site.
  • If your files are already on your web server, and you are using shell access to install WordPress, move all of the contents of the wordpress directory (but not the directory itself) into the root directory of your web site.

In a Subdirectory

  • If you need to upload your files to your web server, rename the wordpress directory to your desired name, then use your favorite FTP client to upload the directory to your desired location within the root directory of your web site.
  • If your files are already on your web server, and you are using shell access to install WordPress, move the wordpress directory to your desired location within the root directory of your web site, and rename the directory to your desired name.

Paso 5: Ejecutando la Instalación

Usando tu navegador favorito, visita wp-admin/install.php within the directory into which you just installed WordPress on your web site.

  • Si has instalado wordpress en un directorio llamado blog, tú debes acceder a http://example.com/blog/wp-admin/install.php.
  • Si has instalado wordpress en el directorio raiz de tu web, tú debes acceder a http://example.com/wp-admin/install.php.

The following screenshots show how the installation progresses and the install script will now guide you through what remains of the process.

Getting Started Screen
Entering details
All done!

Install Script Troubleshooting

  • If you get an error about the database when you run the install script:
    • Go back to Step 2 and Step 3, and be sure you got all the correct database information and that it was entered correctly into wp-config.php.
    • Be sure you granted your WordPress user permission to access your WordPress database in Step 3.
    • Asegurate que el Motor de base de datos se este ejecutando.

Common Installation Problems

The following are some of the most common installation problems. For more information and troubleshooting for problems with your WordPress installation, check out FAQ Installation and FAQ Troubleshooting.

I see lots of Headers already sent errors. How do I fix this? 
You probably introduced a syntax error in editing wp-config.php.
  1. Download wp-config.php (if you don't have shell access).
  2. Open it in your favorite text editor.
  3. Check that the first line contains nothing but <?php, and that there is no text before it (not even whitespace).
  4. Check that the last line contains nothing but ?>, and that there is no text after it (not even whitespace).
  5. Save the file, upload it again if necessary, and reload the page in your browser.
My page comes out gibberish. When I look at the source I see a lot of "<?php ?>" tags. 
If the <?php ?> tags are being sent to the browser, it means your PHP is not working properly. All PHP code is supposed to be executed before the server sends the resulting HTML to your web browser. (That's why it's called a preprocessor.) Make sure your web server meets the requirements to run WordPress, that PHP is installed and configured properly, or contact your hosting provider or system administrator for assistance.
I keep getting an Error connecting to database message but I'm sure my configuration is correct. 
Try resetting your MySQL password manually. If you have access to MySQL via shell, try issuing: 
SET PASSWORD FOR 'wordpressusername'@'hostname' = OLD_PASSWORD('password');
If you are using a version of MySQL prior to 4.1, use PASSWORD instead of OLD_PASSWORD. If you do not have shell access, you should be able to simply enter the above into an SQL query in phpMyAdmin. Failing that, you may need to use your host's control panel to reset the password for your database user.
My image/MP3 uploads aren't working. 
If you use the Rich Text Editor on a blog that's installed in a subdirectory, and drag a newly uploaded image into the editor field, the image may vanish a couple seconds later. This is due to a problem with TinyMCE (the rich text editor) not getting enough information during the drag operation to construct the path to the image or other file correctly. The solution is to NOT drag uploaded images into the editor. Instead, click and hold on the image and select "Send to Editor."

Instrucciones de instalación en otros idiomas

Para las instrucciones de instalación en otros idiomas, mira WordPress in Your Language.

Instalando múltiples blogs

Información detallada sobre la instalación de múltiples blogs aquí.

Instalando Wordpress de forma local

Si tienes un ordenador personal suficientemente potente y una conexión también con suficiente ancho de banda, puede que quieras ahorrarte los gastos de un alojamiento web usando tu propio equipo como servidor. Los siguientes tutoriales te mostrarán cómo montar un entorno de servidor, con Wordpress instalado, en tu ordenador personal.

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